{"id":5544,"date":"2026-08-11T13:28:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T13:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alnafie-steel.com\/?p=5544"},"modified":"2026-08-12T07:39:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T07:39:31","slug":"%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alnafie-steel.com\/ar\/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (Weld Metal): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (HAZ): \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 (SMAW \/ \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627)<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 MIG \/ MAG<\/h3>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 TIG<\/h3>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628. \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (SAW)<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u064f\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0633. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 ERW<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (Weldability) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0634 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 (CE)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n

CE = C + Mn\/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)\/5 + (Ni + Cu)\/15<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.40 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.40 \u06480.60 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 0.60 \u0641\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 (Mill Test Certificate) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a> \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 25 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 MSH<\/a> \u064a\u064f\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u2014 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Porosity) \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a (Undercut) \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n

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